Mukhtar Ashrafi (11 June [O.S. 29 May] 1912 in Bukhara – 15 December 1975 in Tashkent) was a Soviet  Uzbekcomposer. He was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1943 and 1952, and was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1951. He became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1941. In the Shostakovitch autobiography (Chapt. 5, Music as an active force) Ashrafi was accused of plagiarism, subject of an investigation and consequently expelled from the union of composers. His daughter Muqadamma is a noted medievalist.

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